What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease is a common autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine, preventing the body from absorbing nutrients from food. This condition occurs due to an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Coeliac disease affects millions of people worldwide, with common symptoms including recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weight loss.
But what exactly are the symptoms of coeliac disease, and how can you recognise them?
Diagnosing Coeliac Disease
Coeliac disease can be diagnosed through blood tests, such as screening for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG) or a bowel biopsy. The symptoms often appear before more serious issues like developmental delays, failure to thrive, or behavioural changes in children, making early diagnosis important.
In some cases, coeliac disease symptoms may overlap with conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), lactose intolerance, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), making it difficult to identify without a proper medical assessment.
Common Symptoms of Coeliac Disease
The symptoms of coeliac disease can vary significantly between individuals and may change over time. Here are some of the most common signs and symptoms to look out for:
1. Abdominal Pain
One of the hallmark symptoms of coeliac disease is abdominal pain, often localised in the middle of your abdomen (tummy). The pain may occasionally radiate to your lower back, causing discomfort.
2. Diarrhoea
Chronic diarrhoea is the most recognisable symptom of coeliac disease. It often presents as a watery or greasy stool that may contain mucus or blood. If left untreated, diarrhoea can lead to dehydration and unintentional weight loss.
3. Gluten Intolerance
If you have coeliac disease, consuming foods that contain gluten, such as wheat or rye, can cause an intense reaction. You may experience diarrhoea, bloating, or even vomiting shortly after eating gluten-containing foods.
4. Weight Loss
Unexpected weight loss is common in people with coeliac disease. This can occur if the body is not absorbing essential nutrients from food or if the digestive system is overly sensitive to gluten and other foods.
5. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia)
In some cases, people with coeliac disease may experience dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). While this can also be a symptom of other digestive conditions or neurological disorders, it is worth consulting your GP if you notice persistent swallowing issues.
6. Mouth Ulcers
A lack of certain vitamins and minerals due to poor nutrient absorption can lead to the development of mouth ulcers. These painful sores can appear inside the mouth or on the tongue.
7. Iron-Deficiency Anaemia
Iron-deficiency anaemia is a common complication of coeliac disease. When the body cannot absorb enough iron, it can lead to fatigue, pale skin, and a rapid heartbeat, especially during physical activity.
When to See a Doctor
Coeliac disease symptoms can vary widely, but if you experience any of the signs mentioned above, it’s crucial to consult with your GP. Early diagnosis and treatment, often in the form of a strict gluten-free diet, can significantly improve symptoms and prevent long-term complications.
Your GP may refer you to a specialist or a dietitian who can offer tailored advice on managing your diet and ensuring you receive the right nutrients.
Coeliac Disease vs. IBS: What’s the Difference?
If you don't have coeliac disease, you may be experiencing similar symptoms due to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). While IBS and coeliac disease share some overlapping symptoms, they are caused by different conditions. IBS is a functional disorder, whereas coeliac disease is an autoimmune reaction to gluten.
For more detailed information, check out our article on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) to explore the differences and learn how to manage IBS symptoms effectively.
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